Driving factors and decoupling effects of agricultural carbon emissions in Jiangxi Province based on time-varying parameter C-D production function.

The reduction of agricultural emission plays an important role in realizing the dual-carbon goals. It is thus of great significance to examine the characteristics and drivers of regional agricultural carbon emission. We measured agricultural carbon emission in Jiangxi Province from the perspective of input-output and production processes, and explored the drivers and decoupling dynamics of agricultural carbon emission by using the LMDI decomposition method together with the Tapio decoupling model modified by time-varying parameter C-D production function. The results showed that agricultural carbon emission in Jiangxi increased by 26.4% from 2010 to 2021, and the carbon emission intensity decreased year by year with an average annual rate of 4.9%. Factors such as agricultural carbon intensity, labor input, and capital stock collectively reduced carbon emission by a total of 61.05 Mt, with a contribution of 27.0%, 44.5% and 28.5%, respectively. Level of agricultural economic development, agricultural structure, and technological progress had strong driving effects, which accounted for 75.7%, 5.6% and 18.8%, respectively. Agricultural carbon emission in Jiangxi was weakly decoupled from economic development, capital stock, and technological progress factors, but was negatively decoupled from labor input. Moreover, the decoupling state was more desirable in the later period than in the earlier period. Our results suggested that the application of the time-varying parameter C-D production function is innovative and applicable by incorporating technology, labor, and capital factors in the examination of carbon emission drivers and decoupling effects.

[Intertemporal allocation and cost of forest carbon sequestration in China under the carbon neutrality target]. / ç¢³ä¸­å’Œç›®æ ‡ä¸‹ä¸­å›½æ£®æž—å›ºç¢³é‡è·¨æœŸåˆ†é åŠæˆæœ¬.

The situations are complex and variant in the three stages of "carbon emission peak", "rapid reduction of carbon emission" and "deep decarbonization for carbon neutrality" in China's carbon neutralization roadmap. Forest carbon sequestration is an important means to achieve the goal of carbon neutralization in China. Its intertemporal allocation is a vital way to balance industrial emission reduction and forest carbon sequestration, reduce the cost of carbon neutrality, and gradually achieve the goal of carbon neutrality based on optimal cost. Based on the cost optimization allocation theory, we simulated the cost change process of three stages of carbon neutralization in China by quoting the theory of marginal carbon sequestration cost and combining with the existing domestic marginal abatement cost theory. The results showed that annual forest carbon sequestrations with the optimal cost in China was 20 million t, 775 million t and 1.982 billion t respectively in the three stages of "carbon emission peak", "rapid reduction of carbon emission" and "deep decarbonization for carbon neutrality", accounting for 1.8%, 17.5%, and 37.6% of the total emission reduction in each period. Compared with the way relying only on industrial emission reduction, forest carbon sequestration under the optimal cost design reduced the total cost by 48, 79136, and 909253 million US$ in the three stages of carbon neutralization, respectively. Due to the limited cost advantage of forest carbon sequestration, industrial emission reduction should be emphasized in the "carbon emission peak" stage. In the "rapid reduction of carbon emissions" stage, the cost advantage of forest carbon sequestration will be increasingly prominent. In the stage of "deep decarbonization for carbon neutrality", it is necessary to fully exploit the cost advantage of forest carbon sequestration to achieve the goal of "zero carbon" to avoid the risk of high costs, especially for industries with high decarbonization cost or that will never be completely decarbonized. The optimal cost design for forest carbon sequestration can save 988.437 billion US $ in carbon-neutral costs.

Analysis on aggregation outbreaks of pulmonary tuberculosis in a private middle school in Minhang District of Shanghai / 复旦学报（医学版）

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of aggregation outbreaks of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in a private middle school in Minhang District of Shanghai.Methods Symptom and radiographic screening were performed on the students of Grade 3 in this senior high school.Epidemiological survey,sputum smear,culture and molecular epidemiological examination were conducted on suspected patients.Whole genome sequencing was completed on positive strains.Results In the screening of 49 close contacts with one TB patient (index case) in the school,a total of 10 patients with pulmonary TB were diagnosed,of which 3 cases were positive for culture.Another case was diagnosed and positive for culture after expanding the scope of screening.The genotype of the isolated strains from index case and the 4 patients positive for culture was identical to that of the first case of the classoneyear before,suggesting the transmission within the grade of Senior Three.Conclusions This is an aggregation outbreak that may be attributable to the first patient with positive bacteria.Therefore,timely diagnosis and effective treatment of pulmonary TB patients,as well as timely screening of close contacts with pulmonary TB patients are significant to control potential outbreaks in schools.

Analysis on direct medical expenses and relief items service package of pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Minhang District of Shanghai / 复旦学报（医学版）

Objective To investigte the direct medical expense for diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients and its financial burden on family in Minhang District,Shanghai,and to provide evidence for improving TB derating policy and reducing the economic burden.Methods A total of 347 pulmonary TB patients who had completed treatment were investigated by questionnaire.Their receipts on diagnosis and treatment of TB were collected.Ranksum test,linear regression and x2 test were used to analyze medical expenses,influencing factors and social economic burden.Results The median of TB patients' direct medical expenses was 5 657 yuan/person.Linear regression showed that direct medical expenses were related with census,main medical institutions and complications.The main medical institutions have a greater impact on direct medical expenses (β'=-0.217).In the patients,7.5 ％ had high medical expenditures after the deduction of medical reimbursement and derating.And they were mainly distributed among low-income people.Conclusions The diagnosis and treatment expenses of TB patients were relatively high,which resulted in a heavier financial burden to the patient's family.The elderly tuberculosis patients,patients with complications and poor groups should become the focus of medical reimbursement and derating policy.

Analysis on aggregation outbreaks of pulmonary tuberculosis in a private middle school in Minhang District of Shanghai / 复旦学报（医学版）

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of aggregation outbreaks of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in a private middle school in Minhang District of Shanghai.Methods Symptom and radiographic screening were performed on the students of Grade 3 in this senior high school.Epidemiological survey,sputum smear,culture and molecular epidemiological examination were conducted on suspected patients.Whole genome sequencing was completed on positive strains.Results In the screening of 49 close contacts with one TB patient (index case) in the school,a total of 10 patients with pulmonary TB were diagnosed,of which 3 cases were positive for culture.Another case was diagnosed and positive for culture after expanding the scope of screening.The genotype of the isolated strains from index case and the 4 patients positive for culture was identical to that of the first case of the classoneyear before,suggesting the transmission within the grade of Senior Three.Conclusions This is an aggregation outbreak that may be attributable to the first patient with positive bacteria.Therefore,timely diagnosis and effective treatment of pulmonary TB patients,as well as timely screening of close contacts with pulmonary TB patients are significant to control potential outbreaks in schools.

Analysis on direct medical expenses and relief items service package of pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Minhang District of Shanghai / 复旦学报（医学版）

Objective To investigte the direct medical expense for diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients and its financial burden on family in Minhang District,Shanghai,and to provide evidence for improving TB derating policy and reducing the economic burden.Methods A total of 347 pulmonary TB patients who had completed treatment were investigated by questionnaire.Their receipts on diagnosis and treatment of TB were collected.Ranksum test,linear regression and x2 test were used to analyze medical expenses,influencing factors and social economic burden.Results The median of TB patients' direct medical expenses was 5 657 yuan/person.Linear regression showed that direct medical expenses were related with census,main medical institutions and complications.The main medical institutions have a greater impact on direct medical expenses (β'=-0.217).In the patients,7.5 ％ had high medical expenditures after the deduction of medical reimbursement and derating.And they were mainly distributed among low-income people.Conclusions The diagnosis and treatment expenses of TB patients were relatively high,which resulted in a heavier financial burden to the patient's family.The elderly tuberculosis patients,patients with complications and poor groups should become the focus of medical reimbursement and derating policy.